2010

Będzin

was born in Bedzin .

History of the Castle

CASTLE Bedzin

openwork Bedzin castle was built in place of the early fortalice Banden , destroyed by the Tartar invasion in 1241 and rebuilt several years later, in the form of wood and earthen walls with stone Stolpe, a tower last hope, a new nucleus of the royal fortress. Transform a wooden mansion in a stone castle was probably in the first half Fourteenth century by King Kazimierz the Great, probably in order to protect the western Polish border - the westernmost fortalice kazimierzowskich beyond the line he had to play a key role, taking on the burden of first strike, the first defense against attacks from Silesia and the Czech state. The date of the final formation of a massive block castle set visit was the most important man of the contemporary world, Holy Roman Emperor and Czech King Charles V, who came from a working visit to the Polish in 1364 The fort, however, have functioned for at least 15 years earlier, because in 1349 was mentioned for the first known burgrave dzin Wiernek . It now served as the seat of the captain and mayor of the sixteenth century, the ruler of managers assigned to give them quarter, and if necessary arranging the necessary defense: [...] our mayor and his successor will be obliged to appear on horseback and in the decorative armor in the outer casing and an iron helmet on every trip we [...] founded at its foot in 1358 the city had initially clear the nature of the military in connection with its unfortunate role of many was subject to damage. Its defensive nature determined him not only opasające km long walls, but also the fact that permanently stationed there, a considerable part of the royal army. Accurate Castle crew had only a few soldiers - infantry census in 1456 in the castle had two scorers and two pedestrians walking on the city of 4 and 2 puszkarzy and car.

CASTLE TO FIGURE Napoleon Orda

and early fifteenth century, the commander of the castle was Peter from Siedlce. After him in the years 1415-1433 he held the function Nicholas Siestrzeniec Kornicz - political profligate, who became famous mainly robberies and bandit raids on the good of their local rivals. A year after moving conducive Siestrzeńca Hussites (10 years later beheaded him and schytano) held a meeting in Bedzin Malopolska and Silesian men completed the signing of an agreement between the Bishop of Krakow Zbigniew Nica and princes: Opole, Raciborz, Cieszyn and oświęcińskim concerning the mutual hatred and the failure to guarantee compensation for damage caused to each other. Sources from the year 1440 exchange Spargalthi Paul Simon and Będzin as leaders of the castle, while in the document, Bernard Duke of Opole from 1448 there Peter Szafraniec of Pieskowa Rock, chamberlain of Krakow, who on behalf of his (Bernard ) , including his nephew, Boleslaw zawarłszy peace with the king Kazimierz gives the city Będzin . Szafraniec not, however, lived in the castle, and its mayor did Stephen Pogórskiego of Pogorzyce, who in 1450 fought fierce battles with the invading bands around Silesian and armed troops of Prince Janusz Auschwitz, peace finally completed in the year 1458th That same year, the fortress became tenants in common: Jan Synowiec de Zandowicze Auschwitz governor, Marshal Nikolai Brzezie , Boleslaw Pieniazek of Witowice and Stanislaw Pogórski . Later, the local district administration held Janusz Pogórski , and after him in 1506, this function accounted for the court marshal Stanislav Jarocki which the decision of King Alexander Jagiello was allowed to buy both the castle and the whole royal city Bedzin.

VIEW FROM SOUTH TO CASTLE

years 1531-1935 rented castle Maciej Myszkowski . Half a century later (1587) transit through Silesia Austrian Archduke Maximilian, who using the Stefan Batory interregnum with the army went to Krakow to sit there on the Polish throne. As led by Wojciech Myszkowski hid the fortress at the wealthier burghers with their valuables, and when foreign troops approached the town, were shot at the state of the castle and półfuntowych harquebus department. Four months after the incident, in January 1588 he was Max for several days in the castle, but even then but little for himself honorable prisoner of war taken at the role of the captivity by Jan Zamoyski. After determining conditions of release, the prince hostage in September 1588 were deported him to the point and is bordered in the company of men of German and Polish Hussars, under the guard was forced to make an oath that forever waive the right of the Republic and its crown. Half a year later signed Bytom-Będzin agreement between the Habsburgs and the new King Zygmunt III Waza. To commemorate this historic event a commemorative plaque on a stone castle.

RECONSTRUCTION OF THE CASTLE OF THE OTHER HALF OF THE XIV CENTURY BY SALMA J.

ożar of 1616 and the destruction made by Swedish troops in 1655 effectively designate an end date for the emerging economic center to będzińskiemu and its earlier splendor. And although the castle itself in accordance with the decision of the parliament was restored in 1616: Będzin Castle that is destroyed by fire, and on it as a frontier much depends on whose restaurant [...] Dębiński Krakow Lord High Steward, our governor has made considerable, then marks these auditors to assess takowego effort [...] , it seems that the restaurant was limited only to break more windows and incomplete repair of existing buildings. Ruined and burnt by the Swedes in 1657 saying that describe lustratorzy king: dzin Castle on a prominent spot encircled with three walls. The ambitions of the first wooden buildings, rooms three, the Board properly naprawne table, beneath a large private room [...], and these naprawne. The upper walls of the castle in [...] has two indoor rooms and chambers, but those upgrading belli per iniuram grouped. At the castle tower ad solis ortum fossy in mensae altitudinis and shafts powerful . Partially renovated fortress visited on November. August 20, 1683 Jan III Sobieski. It happened on the occasion of his meeting with General Caraffa, the Austrian Emperor Leopold envoy, begging the king to that went to the rescue to the rescue of Vienna against the Turkish invasion. The last Polish rulers, who stayed in Bedzin were: August II the Strong on September 15, 1696, and Stanislaw August in the second half of the eighteenth century.

gate to COURTYARD

interwalls with benches

about the year 1775, after the abolition of the local government, property Będzin under the lease auction took Stanislaw Mieroszewski Ślepowron coat. Entrusted to his care a good slug operated, preying on the peasants, the bourgeoisie and the Jews, not caring at the same or a city or a castle. Abandoned building with a time of increasing disrepair, and when in 1825 the ruined wall of a fragment of crushed unexpectedly fatal accidental passer-by, the Commissioner peripheral Olkusz some Lazański ordered to dismantle the ruins to the ground. Fortunately, they took to it very sluggish, and before the command executed, the authorities in Warsaw, ordered that the registration of all monuments in the Polish Kingdom, simultaneously ordering their urgent protection. This same so the same official who had ordered ahead to demolish a stronghold, sent to the mayor of a new pamphlet Bedzin przykazując him [...] under the harshest personal responsibility to ensure and see to it that this means anything in the antiquity was not damaged [...] . In 1833, Polish Bank Commissioner Edward Count Raczynski during her stay in a picturesque setting enchanted castle and decided to rebuild it, and then allocated to the school office staszicowskiej mining. Preparation adequate planning and supervision of the restaurant's historic building Raczynski entrusted sojourner in Krakow Italian architect Francis Mary Lanciemu. This reconstruction has done three projects: first, according to the concept of locking to resemble a medieval castle was the French with many fanciful turrets and steep roofs, and according to the two other (similar) alluded to a form of Italian Renaissance architecture. Due to the large number of foreign borrowings, none of these proposals have not gained acceptance, and therefore produced a draft fourth Lanci, economical, devoid of adornment, simple in construction and harsher in its expression - and in his stronghold was rebuilt. On the basis of the medieval walls punctuated with blind shooting, in order to obtain larger areas of reduced wall thickness, lightweight four-sided tower, also introduced a large, framed windows and brick bands markedly reduced cylindrical tower, which was decorated with a lot machikułami peak.

RECONSTRUCTION PROJECT Renaissance
WG FMLANCIEGO (DECLINED)

omimo executed idea to start rebuilding the school principal in the walls of the fortress soon fell, and the building devoted to prayer room brought to tens of Dabrowa Saxon miners. After moving into the chapel in the castle town placed a hospital, a medieval object that is completely unsuited to this, the hospital will soon liquidated, and about 1850 the castle again started to fall into disrepair: at all this building, too superficial and lacks wyrestaurowany permanently if more will be abandoned, quickly lose the traces of the last renewal, now rags zinc roofs rot in the courtyard, and debris poured from all sides, full of patches, rafters, beams, ceilings and floors, fills in the odd broken pozamieszaniu and accumulation from the bottom the top of the interior walls of the old Kaźmirowskich . When the rotten wooden parts of the castle, or were dismantled by locals for firewood, the process of its destruction was slower. Built of stone and mortar was a strong bonded dignified, and draws the eye from afar interesting mystery of his age so badly that the entire Basin, and even from distant parts of the country were organized trips to explore the picturesque ruins. After Poland regained independence in 1928, residents formed a 'Protection Society Castle Hill with the intention of rebuilding the fortress. On behalf of the Association valued the Wawel Hill restaurateur Adolf Szyszko-Bohusz made the idea of \u200b\u200bits reconstruction, however, due to excessive references to its German architecture and the lack of funds, the idea collapsed. After World War II once again attempts were made to repair the medieval fortress, and after many failed perturbations to reconstruct them in the years 1952-1956. Imposed on the castle its current appearance and placed in a museum.

PICTURE DONE IN ACTION 10.IX.1939 Burnt JEWS IN THE SYNAGOGUE OF SOLDIERS AND OFFICERS Wehrmacht
GESTAPO. Apparently satisfied with the Nazis Pose YOURSELF IN COMPARISON castle ruins.

CASTLE BENDZINIE

Arriving by rail to Dabrowa, from afar to see to give a high hill, and on them as if in a cloud of pending, the temples and bielejące gray ruins of ancient castles. This is almost everywhere, charming and full of historical monuments Olkuska area, starting from this side the eternal Boulder, Beijing, which was once rich and populous city, and now dirty, with poor huts made, sadly, looks up in the crystal clear waters of the Black Przemsza, wężykowato his flowing underfoot. The town was founded Kaźmirz Great in 1358, bestowed the privileges and turned into a strong fortress. Some mighty walls encircle him about facing yet again, at the entrance to Dabrowa, serving as a support for a multitude of small huts and klitek present consisting of Boulder, Beijing. The only only remnant of the former stronghold is the upper part of it, which protrudes on the edge of a beautiful long as the Welsh giant, over Przemsza, drawing up the hill. This is the castle bendziński at the rocky mountain from the west-north rises above the town, and whose name and image in the current state of his serve. [...] [...]

Dozens of stone steps leads to the only gate in the wall opasującym top of the mountain, the height of the wall in some places barely 7 to 8 yards is. Having followed the gate, go up again after the stone stairs to the castle courtyard. Four-sided two-story building, a zinc plate covered with a huge round tower with battlements, the castle are all present tense. The building at the bottom and on the first floor are four spacious rooms, while inside the tower is completely empty and unfinished. Placed outside staircase leads to first floor, the second you have to climb the ladder. Wooden bridge leads from the first floor over a deep moat on the castle wall, where once again outside the gate, you can go. Who arrived on the second floor, the windows, exposing the lovely surroundings. In general, this building, too superficial and not enough permanent wyrestaurowany if more will be abandoned, quickly lose the traces of the last renewal. Already rags zinc roofs rot in the courtyard, and debris poured from all sides; mnósto battens, rafters, beams, ceilings and floors, fills in the odd broken pozawieszaniu and accumulation from the bottom to the top of the interior walls of the old Kaźmirowskich in his major strength intact. At around the castle are to be delicious wine cellars, which so far by continuing to provide the local people live a repentant spirit, scaring passers-by in the night time. Many of them revolve here to legend, colored by lush, swinging imaginative superstition. Had they met who could provide for many a novel in charge of the material.

Illustrated Weekly, 1876 (original spelling)

EXCERPT FROM THE WALL CITY EAST
castle was in 1834 was rebuilt
ON DECORATIVE ARKADY

CASTLE FROM THE SOUTH EAST

ajstarszą brick building, built around wooden, earthen and stone castle, was a cylindrical tower built on a foundation similar to the square. Set in a conspicuous place on the greatest threat was the culmination of zendrówki made (burned to a dark color of the brick), typical for buildings of this type during the reign of Casimir the Great (eg Olsztyn, NW ). The interior of the tower was divided into four main levels: at the bottom, narrowest housed the basement prison to which prisoners discharged on the ropes, while the third floor was a Gothic entrance hole connected to the wall associated with buttresses. The diameter of the building was 10.7 meters with a thickness of the walls in the basement of up to 4 meters - but remains unknown to its original height and the way the roof. In the next stage erected at the south-eastern quadrilateral a five-tower, which at a later stage of development przystawiono residential building. Broken brick with limestone and set on a four-sided tower bedrock served as a typical construction of residential and defensive. It was built on the plan close to the square of the exterior dimensions of 8.5 x9 my variable, decreasing towards the top thickness of the walls. The walls of the tower to the east and south at the same time fulfill the function of the outer walls, and fall within the string line of fortifications, and the highest floor was completed in the form of defensive devices blanek, hurydycji or machicoulis, which have not survived to our times, yielding transformed during the nineteenth-century reconstruction. Complement the buildings of the courtyard adjacent to the said 3-storey tower residential building with a height of 20 meters, the tower has not survived to this day bramna and built in the nineteenth century along the eastern wall of the cylindrical tower and a rectangular dwelling house - in the earlier period of this space could be the building serves as the chapel. The castle was surrounded by high stone walls two circuits separated by a dry moat. Limited third circuit of walls, coupled with the high castle and city wall below the castle had a military-economic in nature and consisted of two towers: four-sided and bramnej located north of Gateway.

ruins in the PRE-WAR PHOTOGRAPHY

medieval castle PLAN BY W. BŁASZCZYK:
first TOWER cylindrical, 2 Quadrilateral TOWER, 3 RESIDENTIAL HOUSE,
4th Gateway to the High Castle, 5 Between-, 6. Gateway to PODZAMCZE,
7th CITY WALL OF DEFENCE (Reconstruct ogival ARKADY)

tarannie restored sight excites admiration severe form of beautiful and big surprise unusual location : along the busy highway, adjacent buildings in the background of gray blocks is like a fairy tale castle, and suspiciously geometric remarkably good condition. Is now a branch of the Museum Basin with a rich collection of old melee weapons, pitching, arms and armor. We can see mainly Western European weapons of various types from the period of the fifteenth to the nineteenth century, arquebuses, muskets, cannons, flintlock rifles, hunting rifles and luxurious sports and an impressive exhibition of tiny but authentic pistolecików. With melee weapons should pay particular attention to the sixteenth-century massive swords bisector, rapiers, broadswords and cleavers, and above all the oldest and most precious object of military department - early medieval sword found in the 1949 Polish the old cemetery in Grodziec. The presented armor includes helmets, shields, armor and chain mail, including medieval helmets, helmets and szturmaki, fragments of the Italian armor kopijniczej the end of the sixteenth century, a suit of armor pikinierską of 1600, as well as a very interesting accent in the form of the original eastern samurai helmet type Hoshikabuto and decorative Japanese rifles, fuse. Apart from old weapons in separate rooms within the exhibition on the history of the Polish army of the interwar period and the history of the fortress.

Brought to CEMETERY SWORD
COUNTS THE NEARLY 1,000 YEARS

cabinet with exposure EAST MILITARY -
- LEFT HOSHIKABUTO

uzeum castle is open daily except Mondays - opening hours and ticket prices are below. Well equipped with souvenirs and literature of cash safely housed in a four-sided tower, therefore, absolutely free, you can earn a courtyard and a walk between the walls. For indoor shooting, unfortunately, have to pay: for 10 zł replaced with a VAT invoice (!) And plaque to the numerous and friendly staff. A separate ticket is valid for the tower - hence extends to an intriguing view of the surrounding industrial Us: steel mills, mines and blocks - for a visiting more exotic. Castle in Bedzin an important cultural center of the city, hosts a meeting in open air, tournaments, flea markets and organized by the Brotherhood Kurkowe fun with a gun. Monument maintained by the Brotherhood of Knights Castle Bedzin.

dzin Castle Street. Castle
Tel (032) 267 77 07

castle Hours:
Tuesday, Thursday, Friday: 9.00 - 16.00
Wednesday: 9.00 - 17.00
from November to March: 8.00 - 16.00
Saturday: 9.00 - 15.00
Sunday: 10.00 - 15.00
from 15 June to 30 September - Sunday: 10.00 - 17.00

Tickets cost:
6 for adults
zł 3 zł for children and adolescents
2 zł

the tower (about 2010)

CASTLE RECONSTRUCTION of the fourteenth century

FRAGMENT EXPOSURE

arownia area is highly urbanized, and therefore access is easy and has many alternatives. The team is fortified hundred meters east of the E75 Katowice-Warsaw and just north of the road E40 leading to Krakow. Here you can get there by tram from Sosnowiec (line 21, 27), Dabrowa Mining (21, 22, 25) or Czeladz (25), bus to Katowice (40, 800, 807) or by train. In this case, after leaving the station (its western side) turn right down the street. Malachowski, and then to the end, until the intersection with Al. H. Kąłłątaja. At the intersection slightly to the left and we are already in place. Below the castle there is a small parking lot, in a critical situation, you can leave your car in a large square on the other side of the stream. (Map locks) (2010)

first W. Blaser: Będzin for centuries, Poznan 1982
second B. Guerquin: Castles in Poland , Arkady
3rd 1984 IT Kaczynski: Castles in southern Poland , Muza SA, 1999
4th L. Kaiser, J. Salm, S. Kolodziejski: Lexicon castles in Poland, Arkady
5th 2001 B. Szyndler: Iconography of the Castle Bedzin